“Challenges And Risks Of Genetically Engineered Organisms”.

â€Å"Challenges and Risks of Genetically Engineered Organisms†. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2004. I found this book through IUCAT and it is available as an online resource. This book was written and published as the result of an OECD, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Workshop on Challenges and Risks of - What Risk Analysis is Appropriate? Options for Future Policy Making Towards Integrated Agro-Food Systems. This book covers a wide variety of risks associated with genetically engineering our food supply, including discussions on the environment, food safety and WTO agreements regarding trade and economic effects. The portion of this book I found the most interesting, as well as being material that was relevant and added†¦show more content†¦N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Apr. 2017. I found this source while searching for organizations that campaign for awareness of GMOs and GMO related issues. This report was published by â€Å"Just Label It!†, an organization which is pushing for the labeling of all foods which contain GMOs, and can be found on their website. The focus of the report was on just how much of our food supply comes from GMO crops, which is the vast majority. The report was fairly short but contained summaries of relevant information, including the nine major genetically engineered crops on the market in the United States. The tow crops on this list that stuck out to me was Corn and Canola oil, which may explain why nearly all processed food items are genetically modified since they almost always contain high fructose corn syrup, a corn derivative, or canola oil, a canola derivative. Powell, Chelsea. How to Make a GMO. Science in the News. Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, 10 Aug. 2015. Web. 04 Apr. 2017. This source comes from a blog published by the Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and is written by Chelsea Powell, a PhD student in the Chemical Biology program at Harvard University. This article focuses specifically on the process of genetic engineering, meaning how genes are inserted into various organisms DNA in order to create a GMO, and the reasoning behind each step. There are four steps inShow MoreRelatedThe Genetically Engineered Foods : Genetically Modified Foods1656 Words   |  7 PagesThe Genetically Engineered Foods Introduction Genetic modification is a special gene technology that alters the genetic machinery of living organisms such as animals, plants, bacteria or other microorganisms. Foreign genes (genes from other organisms) combined and inserted into the original genetic codes are known as recombinant DNA technology and the resulting food is called genetically engineered food, genetically modified (GM) food or transgenic food. 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Selective breeding is a way for scientists to select for certain genetics that increase plant healthRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Organisms1067 Words   |  5 PagesGMOs, or otherwise known as Genetically Modified Organisms, can be defined as organisms in which the genetic material, DNA, has been altered in a non-natural way. Genetically modified organisms have shown many advantages. They are safe to eat and environmentally sustainable. They are also safe, nutritious, and can help us adapt to our global problems. GMOs are also an approach to development that takes the finite resources of the Earth into consideration. The many, many pros of GMO’s heavily outweighRead MoreGenetic Modification : Recombinant Dna ( Rdna ) Technology Or Gene Splicing Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagesproperties but the food, nut ritional, industrial and medicinal attributes of genetically modified crops. Foods derived from a new plant variety is a; safe or nutritious as foods already consumed as a part of a diet. For new plant varieties, including those developed using rDNA technology, a science-based approach is used to focus the evaluation on the demonstrated characteristics of the food or food component. Genetically modified food component typically involves reviewing information or data onRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Plants1187 Words   |  5 PagesGenetically Modified Plants The term GMO Plants (genetically-modified organisms) is most commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human, or animal consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques. These plants have been modified in the laboratory to enhance desired traits such as increased resistance to herbicides and improved nutritional content. The enhancement of desired traits has traditionally been undertaken through breeding, but conventional plant breeding methods can beRead MoreGenetically Modified Crop Plants1593 Words   |  7 PagesGene Therapy: Genetically Modified Crop Plants Coward Introduction to Biology - SCI 115 Professor Johnson March 4, 2014 Genetically modified organisms have become a standard rather than an exception in America. Since their introduction in the 1990’s, genetically modified (GM) products have conquered agriculture in the United States and hold a large share of the food on American’s plates. (Dupont) Everyone has been exposed to it whether they knowRead MoreGmo Essay910 Words   |  4 Pages Global Challenge Chemistry Genetically Modified Organisms Jason Kim St. Paul’s High School Global Challenge GMO stands for genetically modified organisms, which is a micro-organism, plant, animal or other organism that has been modified in a laboratory by transgenic technology. This method of cross-breeding blocks harmful virus from entering cells. The concept of cross-breeding in making genetically modified food isn’t 100% healthy. Genetically modified foods are bad for environmentRead MoreAdvancements In Biotechnology Essay1088 Words   |  5 Pagesposes some new threats and challenges to human beings as well. This short report discusses the merits and demerits of extensive applications of biotechnology, specially the impacts of genetically modified/engineered crops which brought up in market 1990s. According to Wikipedia, the definition and process of genetically modified crops is summarised as â€Å"Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from genetically modified organisms. Genetically modified organisms have had specific changes

The Freedom Of Freedom, And Self Actualization As An...

In order to answer the question of what is required for an individual as he exists in society to be free, we must first understand what freedom is. In synthesizing ideas from the texts studied this semester, thus far, I have arrived at the conclusion that freedom can be described as the ability to pursue activities that fulfill oneself, and contribute to our own happiness, and self-actualization as an individual. To say that freedom can be â€Å"defined† would imply placing limits on freedom, and would be counterintuitive. Erich Fromm states that â€Å"[Freedom’s] meaning changes according to the degree of man’s awareness and conception of himself as an independent and separate being (23).† The less a person is bound to obligations albeit moral, economic, social, or political, and more self-actualized, the more likely he will be to seek happiness through activities that are free from influence of these aforementioned entities. The notion of freedom that wi ll be discussed in this paper is strongly tied to Freud’s suggestion that individuals must â€Å"strive after happiness; [we] want to become happy and remain so (42).† Freud suggests that we accomplish this by channeling our instincts and regulate them, as to not be a slave to them, or indulging our libido, by accomplishing personal goals, and pursuing creative endeavors which are free from outside influence. Freud offers other ways to cope with the misery we find from our own decaying selves, the external world, and other people,Show MoreRelatedAutonomy: A Personality Trait1655 Words   |  7 PagesAutonomy The notion of personal autonomy is a characteristic that many individuals seek to find throughout their life. The term autonomy originates from the Greek words auto (self) and nomos (law) and means self-management (Senturan, Kose, Sabuncu, Ozhan, 2012). Individuals who experience the characteristic of autonomy during their lives will often have an intense desire for their personal freedom and will set moderate goals for themselves that will enhance their well-being and independence. RadelRead MoreMaslows Theory Of Self Actualization1410 Words   |  6 PagesMaslow’s Theory of Self-Actualization According to Ellis, Abrams, Abrams (2009), Maslow’s theory of self-actualization can be defined as, â€Å"†¦an innate tendency of human beings to fulfill and enhance their potential, provided that basic physical and social needs are met† (p.620). Maslow viewed human beings in a unique way and altered his original idea of what someone who achieved this highest level of potential was. Maslow believed that individuals who achieved this potential could be defined throughRead MoreHumanistic Psychology : Psychology And Psychology1748 Words   |  7 Pagesinheritably good. Its roots starts with Socrates and emphasizes an individual’s inherent drive towards self-actualization. Humanistic psychology utilizes a holistic approach to human existence and focuses on things such as creativity, free will, and a positive human potential. It encourages a self-awareness and mindfulness that helps change the client’s behavior from one of reaction to one with more productive self-awareness and thoughtful actions. When first developed humanistic psychology was known as third-forceRead MoreCarl Rogers : A Humanistic Approach1295 Words   |  6 PagesBeing self-centered refers to a person who is obsessed and preoccupied with his or her own affairs. This attitude comes across as a person most individuals would not want to encounter, yet there are some psychologists such as Carl Rogers, who believe that people needed to be self-centered. As a result he created what is known today as the self-centered theory. Carl Rogers believed that being self-centered is essential to the client’s personal growth of self-esteem. Rogers’s theory can be broken downRead MoreA Theory Of Human Motivation1086 Words   |  5 PagesA Theory of Human Motivation Maslow (1943) sets out to provide a theory as to why we as individuals become motivated to satisfy our basic needs and seek to fulfill other needs once the previous ones have been satisfied. He developed a concept called the hierarchy of needs, which he uses to interpret the different levels of needs individuals acquire. This theory is of importance as it provides reasoning and structure for the fulfillment of our everyday needs. After describing the five needs, theRead MoreAbraham Maslow s Theory Of Human Motivation1670 Words   |  7 Pagespersonality transcended academic psychology, and extended into the major business fields of management and marketing. Maslow additionally explored how and individual perceives their existence and beginning to display signs of future potential. Abraham Maslow is noted as the originator of such important ideas as the hierarchy of human needs, self-actualization, higher motivation, team decision-making, and business synergy. In 1943, the Abraham Maslow published a paper called A Theory of Human Motivation,Read MoreA Theory Based On The Art Of Loving, Albert Rogers, And Maslow1630 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this paper was to conceptualize a theory based upon existing ideas to create something unique. My theoretical view is based around the foundation and work of three theorist; Fromm, Rogers, and Maslow. Each individual presented a unique aspect, idea, or theory that was instrumental to the construction of my own. It does not have a working title but I can tell you that it most definitely has a purpose and a set of ideals that I believe will and can improve the lives of many. My theoryRead MoreThe Theory Of Self Actualization Essay940 Words   |  4 Pagesconstructed the theory of self-Actualization and the meaning of life. They have agreed that self-actualization represents growth of an individual towards fulfillment of the highest need. Roger’s created the theory implicating, growth po tential, by focusing on the, real self and the, ideal self, implying that this come with a full functioning person (Roger, Carl R., 2007) . Maslow, reflects his theory on, free will, and determinism, by giving techniques that separates different individuals (Maslow, AbrahamRead MoreDescription in Detail of the Humanistic Theories by Rogers and Maslow1517 Words   |  7 Pagespeople have unique qualities that include creativity, freewill or freedom, potential and personal growth. People like Carl Rogers who have brought about person-centred theory and Abraham Maslow who has developed a hierarchy of needs, where he emphasized on self-actualization. There is an evaluation on both Rogers and Maslow theories, on how they are based on their own assumptions and views, and I apply Maslow’s theory of self-actualization into my own personal life. 2. Description in detail of the HumanisticRead MoreAbraham Maslow Motivation978 Words   |  4 PagesIn his originally published paper, â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation†, he explains, starting from the bottom, humans have physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs. The four bottom, or â€Å"deficiency needs†, must be achieved prior to accomplishing esteem and self-actualization. If an individual was lacking all the basic needs, he or she â€Å"would most probably hunger for food more strongly than anything else† (Maslow 373). Breathing, blood circulation, eating, drinking

Plato and Aristotle a Comparison Free Essays

Plato and Aristotle are two of the earliest known thinkers in metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. Although Aristotle was a student of Plato, the two had some very contrasting ideas. Metaphysics Plato and Aristotle believed in the concept of forms, although they had different definitions of the concept. We will write a custom essay sample on Plato and Aristotle: a Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now Plato’s take on metaphysics can be labeled as dualism. Plato developed his ideas a priori; he formulated his own explanations of an ideal reality and applied them to the observable world. Reality had two levels for Plato: the level of the observable objects, and the level of forms (the ideal). The observable aspect of the world are but imperfect copies of the forms, and observable objects are impermanent, as opposed to forms, which are eternal. Plato’s forms can be understood as blueprints that existed outside of the observable, and on which everything observable depends; thus these forms are more â€Å"real† than the observable. Plato uses analogies for this explanation; in his allegory of the cave, for example, lifetime immobile prisoners see only shadows on a cave wall and think that the shadows are the ultimate reality. Although it cannot be disputed that the shadows are â€Å"real,† it is the objects that are casting the shadows that are, in a sense, the true reality. Aside from the well-known allegory of the cave, Plato used a number of other metaphors to explain his metaphysical views, such as the metaphor of the sun, and the divided line.  Conversely, Aristotle developed his ideas a posteriori—by directly observing the world and then deriving â€Å"formulas† for this observable reality. His primary concern in this area was causality. Aristotle believed in only one level of reality, and he believed that form had no existence outside of physical, observable reality. Aristotle’s concern on the relationship of form and matter led to his concepts of causality. He believed that there are four very basic causes that can be applied to anything: the Material cause, or, in Aristtle’s words, â€Å"that out of which a thing comes to be, and which persists,† the formal cause, â€Å"the statement of essence† (which states that anything is determined by the definition or archetype), the Efficient cause,   (the primary source of change), and the Final cause, (the end, or the intent of an action). Epistemology Plato’s epistemology holds that all knowledge is innate, which means the process of learning is actually just a recollection of knowledge buried deep in the soul; Plato believed that before birth the soul had a perfect knowledge of everything. This is the basic precept of Plato’s Theory of Ideas.  According to Plato, ideas are permanent and absolute. In Plato’s view all human actions can be judged through the standard of these concrete and absolute ideas, but Aristotle refutes Plato’s theory on the grounds that Plato’s arguments are inconclusive—stating that Plato’s arguments are not convincing or lead to contradictory conclusions. Aristotle refutes Plato’s claim that Ideas are absolute, perfect entities outside of human experience, but argues that, on the contrary, ideas exist in the mind alone and are simply duplicates or interpretations of things that are experienced. Aristotle claims that all standards are based on things that are first experienced.  Aristotle agreed with Plato’s notion that the immaterial (form) and the material (matter) were distinctly separate entities; however, he states that forms (or ideas) exist in the mind and are dependent on the observer, and argues that Plato’s theory of ideas goes by the incorrect premise of absolute universal definitions for material, observable things. Ethics Plato’s ethics states that â€Å"good† is born of knowledge and â€Å"evil† is born of ignorance (lack of knowledge). Hence Plato argues that the path to a good life is purely intellectual.Plato’s   absolutism dictates that there is only one right course of action, one that is true in every case and exists independent of human opinion or interpretation.  On the other hand Aristotle adopted a scientific, empirical approach to ethical problems. He believed that in order for human actions to be judged as moral or immoral, they must have a certain degree of health and wealth. Aristotle believed that ethical knowledge is not certain knowledge, like metaphysics and epistemology, but general knowledge. Also, Aristotle argued that the achievement of â€Å"good† must be a practical discipline, as opposed to Plato’s heavily theoretical approach. He claimed that to become good cannot be achieved simply by studying virtue, but that one must practice virtue in everyday life. He called the   ultimate goal of this discipline the â€Å"Highest Good.†Ã‚  Also, for Aristotle the achievement of happiness was by application of the â€Å"golden mean†, which just means moderation in everyday life. Aristotle argued that happiness could not be found only in pleasure, or only in fame and honor. He claims that happiness can be achieved through knowledge of humanity’s specific purpose; that is, according to him, â€Å"by ascertaining the specific function of man.† Politics In his political theories, Plato focused on formulating the perfect society by finding ways to cure humanity of its social and personal failures. Plato, in Republic, described the ideal government as having a philosopher-king as its leader, a king with a completely just soul who would thus be able to run a completely just government. Plato also argued that since he can imagine such a leader, than such a leader can exist.  Plato’s utopia consists of three non-hereditary classes: Guardians, Auxiliaries, and Workers. The guardians are wise and good rulers and high-level civil servants, the auxiliaries soldiers and lower civil servants, and the workers composed of unskilled laborers. Unlike Plato, Aristotle was not concerned with the perfection of society, but simply its improvement, within what he believed were a more realistic context. Aristotle agreed that Plato’s government, with its philosopher-king, would be ideal, but did not believe that such a person could exist, and thus dismissed the possibility that such a government could exist, and considers other systems that he believed are more realistic.  Plato’s belief in this philosopher-king reflects his theories of knowledge, which have the a priori approach to reality. On the other hand, Aristotle bases his beliefs on the observable. And claims that since he has never encountered such a completely just man, he must discount that possibility of his existence. Aristotle argues that dividing society into distinct classes excludes men with ambition and wisdom but are not in the right class to hold political power. Another argument against Plato’s class system is that guardians will, by nature of their work, be deprived of happiness, and such guardians will naturally assume that the same strict lifestyle be imposed on all of society. Aristotle valued moderation more, in contrast to Plato’s utopia, which carried expectations to such extremes that it was no longer realistic to Aristotle. Aristotle derived a theory of Democracy, where he puts emphasis on the polis, or city-state, which allows political participation by the average citizen. He claimed that â€Å"the people at large should be sovereign rather than the few best.† However, this is contrary to Plato’s beliefs, who argues that the public’s decisions would be based on mere belief and not fact.  Essentially, we can describe Plato as having been in pursuit of a philosophical, idealized truth, whereas Aristotle was concerned with the more worldly and realistic   concerns of the citizen and the government. Although they had widely divergent views, they had essentially the same goal of a better society. References: Silverman, A. (2003). Plato’s Middle Period Metaphysics and Epistemology. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2003 Edition). Retrieved February 24, 2006, from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2003/entries/plato-metaphysics. Cohen, S. M. (2003). Aristotle’s Metaphysics. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2003 Edition).Retrieved February 24, 2006, from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2003/entries/aristotle-metaphysics. Frede, D. (2003). Plato’s Ethics: An Overview. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2003 Edition). Retrieved February 24, 2006, from  Ã‚   http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2003/entries/plato-ethics. Kraut, R. (2005). Aristotle’s Ethics. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2005 Edition). Rerieved February 24, 2006, from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2005/entries/aristotle-ethics. Miller, F. (2002). Aristotle’s Political Theory. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2002 Edition). Retrieved February 24, 2006, from   http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2002/entries/aristotle-politics. Brown, E. (2003). Plato’s Ethics and Politics in The Republic. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2003 Edition). Retrieved February 24, 2006, from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2003/entries/plato-ethics-politics. Aristotle. (2006, February). Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved February 24, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle. Plato. (2006, February). Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved February 24, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato. Platonic Epistemology. (2006, February). Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved Fer\bruary 24, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonic_epistemology. Falcon, A. (2006). Aristotle on Causality. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2006 Edition). http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2006/entries/aristotle-causality. How to cite Plato and Aristotle: a Comparison, Essay examples

The Scarlet Letter Do You Dread Guilt free essay sample

The Scarlet Letter: Do You Fear Guilt? Essay, Research Paper The Scarlet Letter: Do You Fear Guilt? What is guilt? We all have guilt about something. Possibly burying something, lied about something, or even did something that shouldn # 8217 ; T of been done. In The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne we saw guilt suppurating sore in the heads and outward visual aspect of the chief characters, Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth. When you hear the word guilt what do you believe it means? Guilt means contrite consciousness of holding done something incorrect or of holding failed to make something required or expected. Does that sound about right? Guilt is something everyone has. Its this mental manifestation that lets us cognize when we did something incorrect but no 1 knows it yet. Guilt is really powerful. Some people after awhile spring in to this guilt and squeal what they did. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale commit a great wickedness. Because of this great wickedness, it causes them huge guilt and unhappiness though out the remainder of the book. One of the chief character # 8217 ; s that is affected the most is Arthur Dimmesdale. Dimmesdale handles it in a different manner though, to him its more of a # 8220 ; concealed sin. # 8221 ; A illustration of this is, # 8220 ; It may be that they are kept soundless by the very fundamental law of their nature. Or # 8211 ; can we non say it # 8211 ; guilty as they may be, retaining, however, a ardor for God # 8217 ; s glorification and adult male # 8217 ; s public assistance, they shrink from exposing themselves black and foul in the position of work forces ; because, thenceforward, no good can be achieved by them ; no immorality or the past be redeemed by better service. # 8221 ; Dimmesdale besides has another ground for his concealment, he wants to stay soundless so that he can go on to make God # 8217 ; s work as a curate. Hester Prynne handles her guilt in another manner. Alternatively of worrying about it twenty-four hours after twenty-four hours and allowing to maturate, she makes it outward. At the beginning of the book she wears the most amazing apparels and shows the universe she # 8217 ; s non guilty for what she has done. An illustration of this is, # 8220 ; And neer had Hester Prynne appeared more lady-like, in the old-timer int erpretation of the term, than as she issued from the prison. # 8221 ; Besides she shows it with the vermilion A on her chest. Alternatively of merely seting some dumb A on her thorax she spends the clip and embroiders it with ruddy and gilded yarn and even wears the vermilion A long after she could hold removed it. Roger Chillingworth appears at first to be the 1 that was sinned on but though out the book that changes with every page of the nasties that Chillingworth has caused. Even with the major wickedness of Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger # 8217 ; s wickednesss are much greater. First Roger knows that he neer truly did love Hester and says he did incorrect by get marrieding such a immature married woman that besides didn # 8217 ; t love him. But Roger doesn # 8217 ; t notice is 2nd wickedness, taking retaliation on Arthur Dimmesdale. An illustration of this is, # 8220 ; We are non, Hester, the worst evildoers in the universe. There is one worse so even the contaminated priest! That old adult male # 8217 ; s retaliation has been blacker so my wickedness. He has violated, in cold blood, the holiness of a human bosom. Thou and I, Hester, neer did so! # 8221 ; Because Chillingworth # 8217 ; s wickedness was the blackest his destiny was the most atrocious of the three. To get the better of this great guilt the character # 8217 ; s handle it in there ain manner. Hester Prynne handles it by seeking to conceal nil, seeking to demo the universe, see what I did and I # 8217 ; m proud of it! Arthur Dimmesdale handles his awful guilt by hiding it to himself. To get the better of it he would flog himself, take long walks into the wood, and even acquire in a secret interview with Hester. His concluding end product to the universe was to state them all on the scaffold of his great wickedness on election twenty-four hours. Roger Chillingworth handles his guilt by non demoing he had any. Ignorance played a large portion for Roger and in the terminal he besides tells and notices what a great wickedness he has caused. What comes to the head when guilt is said? Good, bad or are you merely field confused? Everyone has this jobs about guilt, its non merely yourself. Right? In The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne guilt affected many people. Guilt is really powerful and suppurating sores in our heads and Black Marias of everyone when incorrect making occurs.

10 Fast Facts about Sin City

10 Fast Facts about Sin City Las Vegas is the largest city in the  state of Nevada. It is the county seat of Clark County, Nevada. It is also the 28th most populous city in the U.S. with a city population of 567,641 (as of 2009). Las Vegas is known around the world for its resorts, gambling, shopping and dining and it calls itself the Entertainment Capital of the World.   It should be noted that in popular terms, the name Las Vegas is mostly used to describe the resort areas on the 4 miles (6.5 km) Las Vegas Strip on Las Vegas Boulevard. However, the Strip is mainly in the unincorporated communities of Paradise and Winchester. Nevertheless, the city is most well-known for the Strip and downtown. Facts About The Las Vegas Strip Las Vegas was originally established as an outpost to western trails and in the early 1900s, it became a popular railroad town. At that time, it was a staging post for mining in the surrounding area. Las Vegas was established in 1905 and it officially became a city in 1911. The city declined in growth shortly after its founding, but in the mid-1900s it continued to grow. In addition, the completion of the Hoover Dam, about 30 miles (48 km) away, in 1935 again caused Las Vegas to grow.Most of the early major development of Las Vegas occurred in the 1940s after gambling was legalized in 1931. Its legalization led to the development of large casino-hotels, the earliest of which were managed by the mob and were associated with organized crime.By the late 1960s, businessman Howard Hughes had purchased many of Las Vegas casino-hotels and organized crime was run out of the city. Tourism from around the U.S. grew considerably during this time but nearby military personnel were known to frequ ent the area which caused a building boom in the city. Most recently, the popular Las Vegas Strip has undergone a process of redevelopment that began with the opening of The Mirage hotel in 1989. This resulted in the construction of other large hotels on the southern part of Las Vegas Boulevard, aka the Strip, and initially, tourists were driven away from the original downtown area. Today, however, a variety of new projects, events and the construction of housing has caused tourism to increase downtown.The main sectors of the economy of Las Vegas are within tourism, gaming, and conventions. These have also caused the related service sectors of the economy to grow. Las Vegas is home to two of the worlds largest Fortune 500 companies, MGM Mirage and Harrahs Entertainment. It also has several companies involved in the manufacturing of slot machines. Away from downtown and the Strip, residential growth in Las Vegas is rapidly occurring, so construction is also a major sector of the economy.Las Vegas is located in Clark County in southern Nev ada. Geographically, it sits in a basin within the Mojave Desert and as such the area surrounding Las Vegas is dominated by desert vegetation and it is surrounded by dry mountain ranges. The average elevation of Las Vegas is 2,030 feet (620 m). The climate of Las Vegas is an arid desert with hot, mostly dry summers and mild winters. It has an average of 300 sunny days per year and averages about 4.2 inches of rainfall per year. Because it is in a desert basin, however, flash flooding is a concern when precipitation occurs. Snow is rare, but not impossible. The July average high temperature for Las Vegas is 104.1 °F (40 °C), while the January average high is 57.1 °F (14 °C).Las Vegas is considered one of the fastest growing areas in the U.S. and recently it has become a popular destination for retirees and families. Most of the new residents of Las Vegas originate from California.Unlike many major cities in the U.S., Las Vegas does not have any major-league professional sports team. This is mainly because of concerns over sports betting and competition for the citys other attractions.The Clark County School District, the area in which Las Vegas lies, is the fifth most populous school district in the U.S. In terms of higher education, the city is near the University of Nevada, Las Vegas in Paradise, about 3 miles (5 km) from the city limits, as well as several community colleges and private universities.

genes and environment Essays

genes and environment Essays genes and environment Essay genes and environment Essay Genotype Shared environment intelligence (Q) Unshared environment- mental illnesses (depression) Twin studies Family studies Adoption studies Genes and intelligence and evaluation of research Twin studies, strength and limitations Family studies, strength and limitations Adoption studies, strength and limitations. Strengths: Same genotype for MZ twins Same age Minnesota twin study: longitudinal, large sample, cross-cultural, different age groups Brought up in different environments (for the most part) Limitations: Living together- influencing each other Treated more similar by others Sampling methods How different have the environments been No contact? Samples are more representative Environment = easier to measure/control Easier to find participants (cheaper) Shared- unshared environment How similar is the shared environment? Not similar genes Adoptive families Families with both biological and adopted children give a lot of valuable data Socio-economic similarities between adoptive parents(middle class families) Representative sample size? Age of children when being adopted? Treated equally with biological children? biologically based mechanisms. Evolution- a change over time in the frequency with which particular genes- and the haracteristics they produce= occur within an inbreeding population. Mutation- Random events and accidents in gene reproduction during the division of cells. atural selection- characteristics that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction within a particular environment will be more likely to be preserving the population, more common in the species over time. Biologically based mechanisms- Ability to acquire any language spoken in the world (critical period) Newborns respond to faces A need to belong o a group- fear of social disapproval Altruistic and helpful behavior- especially to children relatives Basic emotions : Males are more violent globally than females More likely to kill Mate preferences differ among males/females Different mating strategies in males/females Sex differences in the ideal mate Buss (1989) evolutionary explanation Hypothesis: across cultures, men will prefer to marry younger women (greater reproductive capacity) and value attractiveness more than women (a sign of health fertility Procedure 50 scientists administered questionnaires to women and men from 37 cultures around the globe sample size- 10047 asked about ideal age for marriage and to rank a list of 13 qualities that a potential mate might have Results Men wanted to marry younger females in all cultures Ideal age was 27. 5 and 25. 4 for wives Men valued physical attractiveness more than women and 36 out of 37 cultures, women considered it more important with males earning potential. Alternative Explanations: Eagly wood (1999) Social structure model- POS page 93-94 Research question: Do cultural differences in gender roles power differences influence peoples answers in Buss findings? Procedure Operationalization of gender differences in power?UN gender empowerment measure (degree of gender equality) Calculate the correlations between answers in Buss survey and results on UNGEM. Hypotheses- Eagly Wood 1 . Men place greater value than women on a mates having good domestic skills because this is consistent with culturally defined roles. 2. If economic power potential and domestic skills, then these genders differences should be smaller in cultures being more equal. Results in cultures high in gender equality, men showed less of a preference for younger women, women less preference for older men, and the gender gap decreased in preference for a good cook/housekeeper and good financial prospect cultural gender equality differences did NOT influence the fact that men value physical attractiveness more than women. Introduction Does it include all that it should Length? Command term- is it in there? Body Balanced? Accurate? Analysis? Conclusion -nature/nurture content discussion/evaluation Does it flow naturally from what is written in the text? No new information? No personal opinions happy birthday ! (: hope it started great, dont party too hard on the cruise tonight (; lots of love from Eskilstuna! what are the potential benefits of genetic screening how reliable are the screens how should people be informed about test results? The Brain evolution You can trace the evolution on our brains Mcleen is the founder of this theory

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a relaxed coorporate culture on the Research Paper

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a relaxed coorporate culture on the employees within a travel leisure industry - Research Paper Example Offering employees opportunities for free expression, the ability to offer their own innovations related to changes in the corporate environment, and improving the social networking opportunities with peers and managers are often the human resources activities that have become paramount to building a more cooperative and loyal organisation. However, despite these changes related to giving employees more opportunities within the business, there are problems with decentralisation efforts in business when decision-making is taken away from senior executive leadership and given to lower-level employees. Without tighter controls in areas of job role function and line management, employees have opportunities to become too focused on their own individualized reward systems and can potentially create competition between peers rather than creating a team-focused environment dedicated to meeting long-term strategic goals. Especially in a travel leisure industry, where customer lifestyles and d emands for service are extremely diverse, lack of organisational controls might lead to negative brand word-of-mouth or provide customers with a less-organised service experience that can ultimately lead to lost profitability and diminished customer loyalty. The question is then asked as to whether a relaxed corporate culture can be effective in this industry where emotions and psychological behaviours drive the majority of customer decision-making. Are there advantages, in this dynamic industry, in having a relaxed culture? Literature Review Decentralisation of business is designed to give more insight to employees and help them become more motivated by giving them autonomy and developing them as decision makers in the business. It is often the foundation of the relaxed corporate culture where controls are minimal. This section describes advantages and disadvantages, potentially, of the relaxed corporate culture. Companies with a relaxed culture that focuses on individual self-expr ession and job role autonomy often have a strong human resources focus that helps build more team methodology and improvement of communications and social networking with diverse employee groups. According to Chow (2009) people who work in organisations that have a wide social network filled with influential peer and management relationship are able to develop trust, respect and seem to perform better than those who cannot draw on social networks in a more controlled environment. The nature of the service delivery concept in travel leisure businesses demands a team philosophy to ensure that customers receive an optimized service experience and improve the reputation of the hospitality company. It would seem that focusing on more socialization in the organisation improves total group function and makes it a more collaborative organisation so as to provide customers with top notch service delivery. However, there are those in the business environment that would disagree, suggesting th at there are more important dimensions than simply giving workers more autonomy and decision-making control in order to be successful. Phipps & Burbach (2010) identify that in order to achieve the organisation’

Analysis between eBay and Amazon.com Research Proposal

Analysis between eBay and Amazon.com - Research Proposal Example at these goods not only include books, clothes, electronics, machinery, tickets or vehicles but also the daily groceries almost completely erasing the need to go to a superstore (Borade, 2008). The massive development of the ecommerce sector owes full credit to the two giants, eBay Inc. and Amazon.com; two of the first Internet shopping companies. These websites sell all kinds of products including vehicles, equipment, machinery, clothing, toys, gadgets, computers, and books. They not only sell products directly to customers but also act as intermediates for companies such as IBM or Bed Bath & Beyond, and third parties who sell their products through these websites. Moreover, they are also affiliated with other companies; for instance, eBay is affiliated with PayPal, a global money transfer organization (History of Ecommerce, 2004). Although both eBay and Amazon are online shopping companies, their business models are quite different from each other. This is due to the fact that they were based on entirely different concepts. At the time Amazon was created, it was simply an online bookstore. Precisely speaking, the company used to sell books owned by itself. And with the passage of time, Amazon increased the variety of products sold on the website, which initially included CDs, mp3 players, and other electronic gadgets. On the other hand, eBay was initiated as an online auction company as well as a shopping website for all kinds of goods, ranging from clothes to electronics. EBay did not auction or sell products owned by itself but rather acted as an intermediary for various companies or random sellers to sell their products through the eBay website (Online Auction, 2005). However, due to the current financial crisis both companies have changed their course of action in order to survive in the Internet shopping industry. Amazon has started inviting small-scale sellers to list their products in the website, just like eBay. Meanwhile, eBay has started fixed price

Understanding of Interpersonal Communication Assignment

Understanding of Interpersonal Communication - Assignment Example When a communicator fully achieves his or her communicative goal through the proper channels and techniques of communication, he or she is said to have achieved communication competence (Verdeber and Verdeber, 2008). Understanding why and how people say what they do deal with the accuracy of social perception. Start by asking yourself why a person does what he or she does. Overall, it can be obtained by analyzing the way in which others behave (Verdeber and Verdeber, 2008). It is well known that language shapes perception. The way a person speaks influences how others perceive that person. Language affects the very thought process, which includes perception (Verdeber and Verdeber, 2008). Language use differs across various cultures both through linguistic and non-linguistic clues. Differing situations influence the way a language is learned. It also affects the way that language is interpreted. Differing mechanisms or categories during this process also play a role. The way in which a person was raised in his or her culture affects the way that a person uses and interprets language (Verdeber and Verdeber, 2008). We communicate through proxemics and physical appearance through the use of body language. The distance between a speaker and a receiver can influence the way a message is interpreted.

Whether History Is An Art Or A Science Philosophy Essay

Whether History Is An Art Or A Science Philosophy Essay In answering the question of whether history is an art or a science, the very nature of the subject is at stake. Interpretations of what discipline history belongs to change over time, leading to a continuing re-evaluation of the subject, beginning in the 19th century. The end result is a debate that is controversial, never fading away in the absence of a finite conclusion. The first argument that emerged was historicism, which began this debate. This was quickly followed by the contrasting beliefs of positivism and idealism. Having looked at some theories which argue either art or science, it is imperative to look at the current status of the debate today. The best answer includes elements from both sides of the argument as an answer that tries to reach a resolution in favour of either side of the argument will almost immediately be disproved. What is evident from this is there is no clear answer to the question, no conclusion will please everybody. Therefore there is a continuing n eed to give this question plenty of attention to try to solve it. Defining what is art, and what is science is important, before discussing the number of theories that have emerged. In the Oxford English Dictionary, art is defined as the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as a painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty and emotional power  [1]  . Some of what was said is relevant, especially the part that relates to creativity and imagination, a point relevant to idealism. The third definition given is however much more relevant; art is subjects of study concerned with human creativity and social life, such as languages, literature and history (as contrasted with scientific or technical subjects)  [2]  The definition outlines what an art is in the context of the academic world, inferring that art cannot be linked to science. This is shown in the parentheses at the end of the definition, seeming to justify why the historical debate has co ntinued over time; it believes that art is unable to co-exist with science and other technical subjects. These definitions are recent in comparison to the one given in the 1890s by Croce. He states art is neither a means of giving and sensuous pleasure, nor a representation of natural fact but the intuitive vision of individuality  [3]  . Croce begins his definition by outlining what art isnt, before explaining what it is in his opinion, the individual, specifically their intuition. What these definitions show is limited agreement on what an art is. It is a broad term, for which there are many meanings, which over time has changed. The dictionary definition is more recent than Croces, and it shows in the differences of opinion they have. Croce argues the individuals importance, whereas the dictionary argues about creativity, something which today we have taken as to be the exact meaning. The original meaning of science differs to what we believe it to be today, similar to how the definitions of art differ from what Croce thought. Formerly, science meant knowledge, or learning or any branch of it  [4]  . It is an incredibly broad statement, from which it is possible to conclude that most things are science, since almost everything involves learning knowledge. The Oxford English dictionary defines science as the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment  [5]  . From this, it can be inferred that when history is defined as science, they believe that history covers everything, the physical and natural world. Unlike art, there are no further definitions included on science, so it is much simpler to define. It is perhaps this simplicity that leads to history being viewed as a science. One further point relates to definitions in languages b eside English. Carr believes that definitions in other languages hinder the English interpretation of what history is; in every other European language, the equivalent word to science includes history without hesitation  [6]  . He believes that the definition of science is broader than what English makes it out to be, if other languages include science, then that is something that should be looked at in English. Because of this, some historians especially those from Europe assume that what the definition says is what history is. Equally, this debate has been limited to English speaking countries for some time, so perhaps Carr has a point and that English is what is wrong; include history in the definition and it will become accepted. Historicism was the philosophy that ignited the debate over whether history is science or art, at the start of the 19th century. Before this theory emerged, history was viewed as a branch of literature  [7]  , so there was a close link between the two. Historicism is the beginning of a shift away from literature, with the introduction of scientific methods. Popper defines historicism as an approach to the social sciences, which assumes that historical prediction is their principal aim  [8]  . The definition clearly shows the acknowledgement that science was becoming increasingly important to the study of history. Scientific method is apparent from the assertion of laws, which help achieve the aims, set out in the first definition, which are attainable by discovering the rhythms or the patterns, the laws or the trends that underlie the evolution of history  [9]  . Whilst these definitions come from Popper, a critic of historicism they explain what historicism is, showing h ow it moves away from previous beliefs of literature, and the shift towards science, which began this debate. One debate from the middle of the 19th century was the idea of positivism, which was quickly opposed by idealism. Positivism is a philosophy of knowledge, which uses the secrets of the natural world to help understanding of science and knowledge. Collingwood has described it as a philosophy in the service of natural science  [10]  . It is clear that positivism supports ideas linked to science in history, given its closeness to the definition of science outlined above. Positivism is highly dependent on the use of facts, which influence the study of the past. In terms of its method, it is close to a scientific investigation, critical of everything. Tosh comments facts are verified by applying critical methods to primary sources  [11]  , highlighting the thoroughness that is similar to scientific technique, if facts are verified in their context. This obsession with facts led Comte, one of its founders to believe historians would in due course uncover the laws of historical deve lopment  [12]  . The very belief that there are laws in history is confirmation of the positivists belief that history was a science, and if they believe that laws would work in the same way that laws in science worked, then history would be changed forever. In some ways, there is similarity between this idea and historicism, which believes in the existence of laws in history. Positivism continues the discussion. However, this idea is in contrast to Idealism, which rejected the entire principle on which their argument was based. Idealists argue history must be carefully distinguished from natural events because the identity between enquirer and his/her subject matter opens the way to a fuller understanding  [13]  . It dismisses the idea of positivism on the basis of its link to natural sciences. The key beliefs of idealism include empathy and intuition, emotions that the historian themselves can bring to study. Tosh comments, the reality of past events must instead be apprehended by an imaginative identification with the people of the past  [14]  . Methods in idealism are more about the individual historian, how they feel, how they make judgements based on the available evidence and furthermore, how they engage with the past. The basis of idealism is the opposite of positivism, it does not look at scientific method, and rather it believes more in imagination and things that shape inte rpretations. In that respect, it meets the definition that Croce set out at the end of the 19th century, being concerned with the individual and their response. In the present day, this debate continues to have relevance to historians and philosophers alike. The main cause of this is the imperative need to know. History is based around facts, therefore there needs to be a matter of fact judgement that says what discipline history belongs to. Until this happens, the issue will be highly relevant to all in the historical profession. A new theory has emerged in recent decades; Postmodernism. It values the priorization of language over experience  [15]  suggesting art and its associated ideas are today, much more important than any scientific ideas from the past. Southgate argues the incompatibility of postmodernist thinking with history. She describes it as a notoriously elusive concept, one which she feels is seen as an alien and hostile force, which she believes historians fear  [16]  . A working historian, Keith Thomas, reveals his methods are in line with has been construed to be art. He believes that his work is a literary construc tion, shaped by his moral values and intellectual assumptions  [17]  . He raises the contrast of lumpers and splitters, believing himself to be a lumper, as his work contains a broad-brush impression of beliefs and behaviours over a long period of time  [18]  . It is apparent he prefers to cover a wide time period rather analysing a fragment of that, probably because of the amount of research he does and collects, which makes it difficult to be selective with the facts. In conclusion, so much attention has been given to this question of what discipline history belongs to, because it matters hugely to historians. This is obvious from the scale of the debate that has occurred from the mid 19th century, as theories are challenged and counter-challenged. What is evident from all of this is the absence of a single solution to the problem, nobody is able to say History is science or History is art with confidence. In the absence of this, historians are left to discuss the idea, and are still unable to agree. This is because the subject matter is highly delicate to the historical profession, concluding that history is science or art will upset a large number of people who argue against that conclusion. Therefore perhaps the best outcome would be to say that history is neither singularly art nor science, rather is a fusion of the two disciplines. History needs to be interpreted therefore opinion on subjects matters, however there is also a need for close an alysis of source material, to critically look at sources. Good methods of studying need to be encouraged, and if they are in style of a scientific investigation that is no bad thing, seeing as scientists are thorough in their working methods. Similarly, empathy and intuition should also be spoken of as good qualities to have in a historian, the ability to empathise with the past and use ones own initiative are vitally important. Arguments collapse because historians do not look at them critically enough, and therefore have no evidence to back up their opinions. This debate is a dynamic subject, as been shown theories can develop almost overnight; surely the next idea is just around the corner. In this argument, facts are few and far between, and that is the reason for debate, the need for intuition. With no finite concluding statement, the question of whether history is art or science will continue for some time yet.

Who Do We Think We Are? :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1 Who Do We Think We Are?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Capital Punishment is the penalty of death for a crime. The most common criminals who are executed are convicted murderers. What message is that sending? The use of capital punishment sends the message that murder is okay, as long as it is applied to the right person. The application of capital punishment in our society is hypocritical. It has no place in the judicial system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The way we handle the punishment of capital crimes is pathetic! There are other ways to punish criminals outside of taking their lives, but we, for some reason, feel the need to play the exterminator. The people who commit capital crimes are not animals to be exterminated. They are human. They deserve the same breath that everyone else takes. If a person commits a heinous crime then that person is obviously not normal. That person is obviously in need of mental help and, we should help these criminals instead of hurting them (religioustolerance.org).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Criminals have families and friends who care about them. Why should the innocent bystanders be punished because of another's actions? Killing anyone, for any reason, only brings on more pain and suffering than is necessary. We should recognize the problems in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2 our society and heal those problems instead of placing a temporary fix on a permanent problem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Capital punishment is excessive and unnecessary. Killing a criminal only solves one problem and causes many more. The one problem it solves is the criminal is no longer walking the streets. Encarceration would serve the same purpose. If the criminal is encarcerated then he/she no longer poses a direct threat to society, so killing him/her would be overkill (pardon the pun). It causes other problems because the criminal was executed merely out of retribution. Sort of an eye for an eye. Actions like this only keep hatred and condemnation flowing in society (progress.org).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A punishment can only be called a deterrent if it is performed consistantly and promptly. There are three reasons why capital punishment cannot be performed with any consistancy or promptness. 1) The number of convicted murderers sentenced to death are small, and of that number, an even smaller number are actually executed 2)Manditory death sentences are unconstitutional (Woodson v. North Carolina, 1976). 3)A considerable time between the imposition of the death sentence and the actual execution is unavoidable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If a person is going to premeditate a capital crime, he/she is not going to be